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Course: NOVA Labs > Unit 1
Lesson 3: RNA: the wonder molecule- The RNA enigma
- The RNA engima quiz
- RNA: The basics
- Protein synthesis in the cellular factory
- Protein synthesis in the cellular factory quiz
- Protein synthesis
- The RNA origin of life
- The RNA origin of life quiz
- RNA world
- Virus wars
- Virus wars quiz
- Viruses
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The RNA enigma
RNA is a wonder molecule that can answer some of the biggest mysteries in biology. But what exactly is RNA, and how can you help discover its secrets just by playing a game? You can play the virtual RNA game at NOVA Labs. Created by NOVA.
Want to join the conversation?
- Why is RNA so different from DNA?(12 votes)
- RNA is single stranded and folds while DNA is double stranded.(19 votes)
- Why do DNA and RNA both have acid in their name?(4 votes)
- I am not sure about RNA, but DNA is a very week acid, particularly due to the hydrogen bonds in its structure. Usually both strands stay connected though so we don't think of it as an acid though when in water. DNA has a pH depending on the amount of DNA in the solution, but it usually varies between 6.5 - 7.5, as this is the buffer range required for DNA to maintain its structure. Hope that helps, and I encourage you do your own research. :)(2 votes)
- Why does RNA doesn't fold itself ?(2 votes)
- Given this site, Can RNA essentially do anything if set in the correct order?(0 votes)
- No. But it can do many things DNA cannot. That is to say, it performs roles apart from just being the "messenger" scientists had originally thought was its singular role. These include translation into biomolecules (read: proteins), cellular defense, et. al.(6 votes)
- RNA is a wonder molecule that can answer some of the biggest mysteries in biology but how so(1 vote)
- RNA is supposed to have been in existence for longer than DNA; also, RNA can perform many functions, and scientists are just figuring out how complicated it is!! It can have countless numbers of folding combinations, and scientists can study this to figure out how things like mysterious diseases really work to change modern medicine!!(1 vote)
Video transcript
A tiny molecule packed with a four billion year old code may hold the answers to some
of biology's biggest questions. This molecule is called RNA, and scientists are just beginning
to understand all the amazing things it can do. Better yet, there's a way that you can
help solve the mystery of how RNA works----just by playing a game. You may be familiar with RNA's more famous
cousin, DNA. DNA is a double stranded helix made of four building blocks called nucleotides.
These nucleotides code for all of the genes that make fish fish, trees trees, and you
you. RNA is also made of nucleotide building blocks,
but it's a single stranded molecule. Scientists were initially fooled by RNA's simplicity----they
thought that it was little more than a messenger between DNA and proteins. The truth is far more interesting: RNAs are
versatile cellular machines that can do what both DNA and proteins do, and more. They can
switch genes on and off, defend cells against attackers, alter other biomolecules, and store
genetic information. Every year new RNAs are discovered, and the list of their Swiss-Army
knife-like skills expands. RNAs function by folding up into shapes. Some
shapes bind to DNA, some cut up RNAs, and still others bond pieces of protein together.
In each case, an RNA's shape determines its function in a cell. If we could predict exactly what shape any
RNA sequence will fold into, we could harness RNA's power. For example, we might design
an RNA that turns off cancer-causing genes. Scientists have tried to use computers to
solve this problem, but they haven't had much luck due to the sheer number of possible combinations. And that's where you come in. You can do something
that computers cannot: find the patterns that rule RNA design. To take advantage of these distinctly human
skills, computer scientists and biochemists teamed up to create a game called Eterna that
allows anyone -- not just experts -- to find these patterns. The challenge of the game
is to design RNAs that fold into specific shapes. The creators are counting on gamers,
Sudoku solvers, artists, and other creative individuals like you to bring fresh perspectives
and skills needed to crack the RNA code. You'll start off in NOVA's RNA Lab, playing
as an RNA engineer who must solve RNA puzzles to complete a series of challenges. Once you
learn the basics there, you can join Eterna, where you'll encounter even more challenging
puzzles. If you prove yourself to be an expert player by earning 10,000 points, you can join
a community of elite RNA engineers who craft real molecules designed to help solve RNA's
many mysteries. Each month, thousands of these designs are synthesized and analyzed in a
lab in California. If your design is chosen, you'll receive a score and data that will
tell you well your RNA performed. Solving the problem of RNA folding can change
the world. One of your designs could help create an RNA that destroys the HIV virus;
or a microscopic computer made of many RNAs that detects and defeats cancer before it
spreads; or a self-replicating RNA that shows how life began; or maybe even a breakthrough
that no one has even dreamed of. So what are you waiting for? This RNA is not going to
fold itself.